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Bone Marrow Transplantation
bone marrow transplantation or Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of blood stem cells derived from the bone marrow. This is a medical procedure in the fields of hematology and oncology. Mostly used for people which have diseases of the bone marrow, blood, or many different types of cancer like; Ewing's sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and chordoma
To destroy all of the cancer very high doses of chemo are used along with radiation therapy, this treatment is also kills the stem cells in the bone marrow. after treatment, stem cells are replace those were destroyed. These normal stem cells are given into a vein, much like a blood transfusion. Over time they settle in the bone marrow and begin to grow and make healthy blood cells. This process is known as engraftment.
There are two types of bone marrow or stem cell transplants-
- autologous
- allogeneic
In this type of transplant, you are donor for yourself . Stem cells are come from either your blood or bone marrow . Your stem cells are removed, or harvested, before treatment and then frozen. After you get high doses of chemo and/or radiation the stem cells are thawed and given back to you. The advantage of autologous stem cell transplant is that you are getting your own cells back by this there is no risk, that your immune system will reject the transplant or that the transplanted cells will attack your body.
Allogeneic stem cell transplant -
Allogeneic stem cell transplant involves two people: the donor and the recipient. Donors must have a tissue type that matches the recipient. Matching is performed on the basis of variability at three or more loci of the gene, and a perfect match at these loci is preferred. Donors may be related, syngeneic. .