Cancer test and diagnosis
Cancer is abnormal growth of human cells that turn in to mass of cells i.e ,tumour. It is mainly of three types 1.leukemias and lymphomas ,2.carcinomas, 3.sarcomas.Leukemias are mainly related to blood cells. Carcinomas are related to skin ,lung,breast and colon .Sarcomas are bone related cancer also called as osteosarcoma. It is a kind of malignacy.
In women, to diagnose cancer two screening tests are used they are the Papanicolaou (Pap) test to detect cervical cancer and mammography to detect breast cancer. Both are successful in reducing the mortality rates from these cancers in certain age groups. In men, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the blood is used to screen for prostate cancer. Increased PSA level in men is considered as higher risk for prostate cancer.
THE MAIN DIAGNOSIS TEST FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCERS:
Skin Cancer: Whole body photography ,this imaging is good one to diagnose.
Lung Cancer: Chest x-ray ,Sputum cytology ,Low-dose spiral computed tomography these are used for diagnosis but not suggested on a routine basis.
Colon Cancer: Stool examination for occult blood ,Sigmoidoscopic or colonoscopic examination . These are suggested after 50+ age and after every five year or ten year duration.
Prostate Cancer: Rectal examination ,Blood test for prostate-specific antigen risk for this is after 50+ age and yearly examination is suggested.
Cervical Caner : Papanicolaou (Pap) test ,Annual Pap test in 18 to 21 of age. For women over 30, some doctors recommend testing every 3 years with a conventional Pap test plus the human papillomavirus DNA test
Breast Cancer: Breast self-examination ,every month after 20 + age . Breast physical examination by health care provided after every 3 years between ages 20 and 39, then yearly .Mammography done every year after 40 years of age.
Anal Cancer :Anoscopy: An examination of the anus and lower rectum using a short, lighted tube called an anoscope. Proctoscopy is also used for diagonosis by using proctoscope.
Brain Cancer :CT scan or CAT scan where computerized pictures are taken for study of brain called as computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
Kidney Cancer :Biopsy where cells or tissues removed so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of it. To do a biopsy for renal cell cancer, a thin needle is inserted into the tumor and a sample of tissue is withdrawn. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) test.
Oral Cancer :Biopsy of sores in mouth.
Thyroid Cancer :Laryngoscopy ,Blood hormone studies,Radioactive iodine scan or RAI scan a procedure to find areas in the body where thyroid cancerous cells may be dividing quickly.Fine-needle aspiration regarded as biopsy of the thyroid.
Lung Cancer :Chest x-ray, CT scan ,PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): A procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the body,Sputum cytology,Bronchoscopy.